文质彬彬·每日好词语 | 上兵伐谋

　　上兵伐谋

　　用兵的上策是挫败敌方的计谋，这是古代军事家孙武提出的一条军事原则。在孙武看来，军事斗争是在不同层面展开的，不同层面的斗争都可以对战争胜败产生重要的影响。其中，武力攻伐对双方都会造成极大的伤害，因此是不得已的选择。善于用兵之人应在武力斗争发动之前，运用谋略破除敌人的进攻威胁，或为己方的武力攻伐扫清障碍，以最小的代价实现战略目标。

　　The Best Strategy in Warfare is to Foil the Enemy's Strategy

　　Foiling the enemy's strategy is an important principle proposed by Sunzi the ancient military strategist. In his view, war is waged at different levels, all of which have a significant impact on the outcome. Armed attacks will do great damage to both sides, so they should be avoided if at all possible. Those who are good at leading armies should be able to use stratagems to eliminate the threat of enemy attack in advance or clear the obstacles to their own armed forces to achieve their strategic goals at minimal cost.

　　引例

　　故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。攻城之法，为不得已。（《孙子·谋攻》）（所以用兵的上策是挫败敌方的计谋，其次是破坏敌方的外交，再次是攻打敌方的军队，最下策是进攻敌方的城邑。攻城是不得已采取的办法。）

　　The preferred way is to foil the enemy's plans, the next best to use diplomacy, failing that to attack the enemy's forces, and the least desirable is to assault the enemy's cities. Assaulting cities is a last resort when all else has failed. (The Art of War)