文质彬彬·每日好词语 | 亲知

　　亲知

　　“亲知”指亲身获得的知识。“亲知”是墨家提出的一种知识类别，同时也标志着一种认知方式。墨家认为，知识的获取有3种方式，即“亲知”“闻知”“说知”。“亲知”指通过亲身的观察和经历而认知事物，是一种直接的认知方式。

　　Knowledge from Personal Experience

　　This term means that knowledge from personal experience is a type of knowledge and a way of acquiring it proposed by the Mohist School. In their opinion, knowledge is gained in three ways: by personal experience, by hearsay, and by explanation. To learn from personal experience means learning by examining or getting involved with things. It is a direct way of gaining knowledge.

　　引例1

　　知，闻、说、亲。（《墨子·经上》）（知，分为闻知、说知、亲知。）

　　Knowing comes from hearsay, explanation, or personal experience. (Mozi)

　　引例2

　　身观焉，亲也。（《墨子·经说上》）（亲身观察经历而知，就是“亲知”。）

　　Observing something oneself is knowing by personal experience. (Mozi)